- Selective Encoding and
Processing.
An event can be encoded and processed different ways. We remember
our selective, interpreted encoding of the event, not the "pure"
external event itself.
Examples:
- Chunking in STM.
- Depth of processing experiments.
- Jacoby '83 experiment on implicit memory and indirect tests.
- Transfer appropriate processing.
- Blocking of associative learning, in Homework 2.
- ...
- Bound to Context.
Memory tends to associate events with their external context and
with our internal state, but this link to context can be weak or lost.
Examples:
- Encoding specificity experiments.
- The cognitive interview.
- ...
- Retrieval is Inferential
Reconstruction.
Memory is reconstructive: It uses context and knowledge structures
(schemas) to reconstruct the seemingly most likely event from an
imperfect and ambiguous trace in memory.
Examples:
- False memories of words in lists.
- Suggested or induced memories of being kidnapped, therapy-induced
memories of abuse, etc.
- Memories affected by subsequent information; e.g. E. Loftus
experiments.
- Schematization of memories (this might also take place at encoding).
- ...